Realitivity in Finance

1. REALITY 1 – Goals are stochastic (e.g., pension liabilities) – and not “Background Risk”, “Habit” or “KUJ” or deterministic as in CAPM
2. REALITY 2- Investors have multiple stochastic goals (retirement, kid’s education, post-retirement health) and not just 1.
3. RELATIVITY 1 – Investors maximize goal-relative risk-adjusted returns – and not “Epstein-Zin” utility functions! or additive utility functions.
4. RELATIVITY 2 – They hire agents/ #assetmanagers to manage portfolios (delegation at many levels – a Board to an investment team; the team to asset managers – passive or active)
5. REALITY/RELATIVITY 3 – They want (hopefully) skillful agents – largely ignored in the literature. So can’t use #Sharpe ratios but must use #Mcube.
6. REALITY 4 – They specify risk through an absolute volatility and a target #trackingerror in their #investment Policy Statements – and not some random/arbitrary “risk aversion” parameter.
REALITY 5 – An effective asset pricing model should also provide consistent #assetallocation and risk-adjusted performance measures to be useful – only #capm does this; 99% of other asset pricing models fail this test (e.g., APT ).

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